Higher thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor levels are associated with inflammation in attack-free familial Mediterranean fever patients

Background: Coagulation abnormalities have been reported in familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) patients with amyloidosis and nephrotic syndrome; but there is not enough data about the continuity of the thrombogenic activity in FMF patients in clinical remission. The purpose of this study was to assess thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) levels and its relationship with fibrinolytic activity and also evaluate relationships between mutations and clinical signs in attack-free patients without amyloidosis. Methods: Seventy-nine FMF patients and 40 healthy adults were included. The study group was divided into five groups as follows: first group, homozygote M694V; second group, homozygote M680I; third group, M694V in one allele, the other allele have other mutations or not; fourth group, other mutations; and fifth group, no mutation. Results: Serum TAFI levels were significantly increased in patients compared with healthy individuals (116.64?±?21.8 vs. 78.48?±?19.7?μg/mL, p?r?=?0.247, p?=?0.029 and r?=?0.252, p?=?0.032, respectively). Mean fibrinogen and TAFI levels were significantly higher in Group 1 than the other groups (p?=?0.04 and p?=?0.001, respectively) and in Group 3 it was higher than Groups 2, 4 and 5 (p?=?0.04 and p?=?0.001, respectively). Conclusions: High level of TAFI antigen in attack-free period of FMF disease shows ongoing subclinical inflammation and hypercoagulability. Clinicians should be careful about thrombosis even in patients at clinical remission. Also, genetic tests must be considered to predict clinical outcome and to reduce complications of FMF disease.     

荧光PCR-熔解曲线法检测新疆回族人群CYP2C9和VKORC1基因多态性研究

目的应用荧光PCR-熔解曲线法检测新疆回族人群细胞色素P450酶2C9(CYP2C9)和维生素K环氧化物还原酶复合体亚单位1(VKORC1)基因多态性,研究新疆回族人群CYP2C9和VKORC1基因分布及基因突变频率情况,并评价荧光PCR-熔解曲线法临床使用的适用性。方法采用荧光PCR-熔解曲线法和测序法对比检测CYP2C9*2、CYP2C9*3和VKORC1(-1639G/A)的基因多态性。结果 228例新疆回族人群中,共检测出CYP2C9*1/*1标本199例,CYP2C9*1/*2标本2例,CYP2C9*1/*3标本26例,CYP2C9*3/*3标本1例,未检测出CYP2C9*2/*2和CYP2C9*2/*3标本。VKORC1(-1639G/A)检测出2种等位基因G和A,其中VKORC1-1639G/G型标本检出2例,VKORC1-1639G/A型标本检出39例,VKORC1-1639A/A型标本检出187例,与测序法对比检测比较,荧光PCR-熔解曲线法与测序法检测结果完全一致。结论新疆回族人群同样具有CYP2C9基因*2、*3位点和VKORC1基因-1639位点的多态性,其发生频率与新疆维吾尔族及其他地域人群的具有一定差异,所采用的荧光PCR-熔解曲线法用于基因多态性检测可满足临床检测要求。     

山东济南地区猩红热的病原学检测及药敏分析

目的观察济南地区猩红热患者的病原菌及对目前常用抗菌药物的敏感性。方法对2011年1月至2013年6月济南市传染病医院住院的猩红热患者,进行咽拭子采集、细菌培养,细菌鉴定后采用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。结果50例猩红热患者培养出A组13型溶血性链球菌（GAS）,GAS对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、头孢曲松、头孢噻肟钠、头孢呋辛、头孢唑林、头孢唑肟及万古霉素的敏感性均为100％;对左旋氧氟沙星、氧氟沙星的敏感率为94％、中介率为6％;对克林霉素的敏感率为8％、中介率为4％、耐药率为88％;对红霉素的耐药率为100％。结论山东济南地区猩红热的病原菌GAS对大环内酯类抗菌药物和克林霉素耐药率高,对青霉素类、头孢菌素类及喹诺酮类抗菌药物具有高度敏感性,青霉素类仍然是治疗猩红热的首选药物。     

埃博拉病毒病研究的现状和思考

埃博拉病毒病（ Ebola virus disease）是一种急性出血性传染病,主要通过接触传播,临床表现为突起发热、肌肉酸痛、腹泻、出血和多脏器损害,伴随外周血白细胞、血小板计数降低等。埃博拉病毒是人类历史上最致命的病毒之一,人感染后病死率在50％～90％,被世界卫生组织（ WHO）列为生物安全第四级（ Biosafety level 4, BSL-4）病毒,同时也被视为生物恐怖工具之一。     

30例重型流行性出血热患者血、尿渗透压动态变化及临床意义探讨

晶体渗透压测定是研究机体水、电解质平衡与紊乱的一项重要手段。重型流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）是以肾病综合征为特性的急性传染病，临床出现严重水、电解质紊乱、酸碱平衡的改变。通过对３０侧重型ＥＨＦ病人的血、尿渗透压的系统观察，我们发现ＥＨＦ病人的血、尿渗透压的动态变化反映了ＥＨＦ病程中肾脏的损害和恢复。计算对应的尿／血渗比、自由水清除率，发现尿／血渗比越低，自由水清除率越高，病情就越重，预后越差，在临床治疗时，尿渗压、尿／血渗比、自由水清除率仍未达到正常，说明此时肾功能未完全恢复正常。     

Simple, rapid, and affordable point-of-care test for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever

We developed a point-of-care test for the serodiagnosis of typhoid fever in the format of an immunochromatographic lateral flow assay. The flow assay for typhoid fever is based on the detection of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi lipopolysaccharide-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies. The assay was evaluated on serum samples collected in a hospital in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, where typhoid fever is endemic, and the results were compared with culture and Widal test. The sensitivity of this typhoid fever IgM flow assay for samples collected at 1st diagnosis from patients with culture-confirmed typhoid fever was determined to be 59.3%. The sensitivity ranged from 41.2% to 89.5%, depending on the duration of illness. A specificity of 97.8% was calculated based on results obtained for patients with clinical suspicion of typhoid fever that was later excluded. The assay is ideal for use as a point-of-care test in health care centers that lack the expertise and facilities to perform culture or the less specific Widal test. Because of its simplicity, the assay may also be used as a field test in remote areas.     

川崎病热程与冠状动脉病变发生率关系分析

目的探讨川崎病热程与冠状动脉病变发生率的关系。方法回顾性分析1997年1月-2007年12月期间352例住院川崎病患儿中不同类型川崎病热程与冠状动脉病变发生率的关系；将不同热程的川崎病病例冠状动脉病变发生率用线性趋势图表示，采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析。结果352例川崎病患儿中有冠状动脉病变88例。其中典型川崎病294例，有冠状动脉病变68例；不典型川崎病58例，有冠状动脉病变20例；静脉注射免疫球蛋白（IVIG）治疗无反应川崎病44例，有冠状动脉病变18例。线性趋势图分析显示，所有352例川崎病和294例典型川崎病的热程与冠状动脉病变发生率呈正相关趋势（P〈0．05），而不完全性川崎病、IVIG治疗无反应川崎病的热程与冠状动脉病变发生率虽有正相关趋势，但差异无统计学意义。结论小儿川崎病发热时间越长，冠状动脉病变发生的风险越高。     

对大面积脑梗死中枢性高热病人头部低温降温时间的研究

[目的]探讨头部低温对大面积脑梗死（LCI）中枢性高热降温最佳治疗时间。[方法]将136例LCI高热病人随机分为4组，A组30例，为体温恢复后（≤37．5℃）即停止头部低温治疗；B组34例，为体温恢复后继续头部低温治疗1d～2d；C组41例．为体温恢复后头部低温继续治疗3d～4d；D组31例，为体温恢复后头部低温继续治疗5d～6d。4组头部低温方法相同。[结果]4组比较，头部低温起始时间无统计学意义（P〉0．05），体温恢复时间厦3d体温恢复率无统计学意义（P〉0．05），再发热率以A组、B组较高（P〈0．05）；治疗后神经功能缺损程度评分、日常生活能力评定以C组、D组效果较佳（P〈0．05）。[结论]LCI高热病人体温恢复后，适当延长头部低温治疗时间，可起到降温与治疗双重作用。继续低温治疗3d～4d为最佳。     

郁证发微(二十二)——郁证发热论

探讨郁证性发热的病脉证治。大量古代医案显示,中医早已认识到七情内伤可引起发热,并总结出了相应的临床特征与治疗方法。惊恐、悲哀、忧思、悒郁以及郁怒等情志因素引起的郁证性发热多为低热、潮热、阵热,伴随症状纷繁多样。病机有虚实之分,实则有肝气郁结及化火、痰湿阻滞、瘀血内阻等,虚则与郁证性虚劳类同而表现为脏腑气血阴阳亏虚。治疗大法为泻实补虚,泻实包括疏肝泻火、祛痰化瘀,补虚主要为补益气血阴阳。现代医学功能性发热中的原发性低热、感染治愈后低热、夏季低热、生理性低热以及不明原因发热,凡其发病原因与精神因素相关者,均可大致归属于郁证性发热的范畴。     

徐小圃诊治小儿丹痧学术思想探析

探讨海派徐氏儿科徐小圃先生诊治小儿时行丹痧临床学术思想,徐氏按丹痧病程、标本缓急,以六经和卫气营血辨证为基础,分期辨治,发病初期,病在气分,邪犯肺卫,宜辛凉透达;出疹期,病在营血,肺胃热盛,宜清泻肺胃、解毒凉营;病之后期,属瘟邪势衰,气阴耗伤证,宜佐滋阴益气。